List of Recommended Medical Illustrations

Each figure below is recommended for commissioning from a medical illustrator, following the colour palette and hero-graphic description in the chapter’s visual blueprint. Add alternative text to every figure for accessibility.

Chapter 01

Figure 1.1 — Coronal section of the anal canal showing the internal and external sphincters, the intersphincteric plane, the dentate line, and anal crypts and glands.

Figure 1.2 — Sagittal view of the puborectalis sling and the anorectal angle at rest and during straining.

Figure 1.3 — Innervation map: visceral (stretch-sensitive) mucosa above the dentate line and somatic (pain-sensitive) anoderm below it, with the sites of painless office procedures marked.

Figure 1.4 — Approximate contributions to resting anal pressure (labelled “estimates vary by method”).

Chapter 02

Figure 2.1 — Side-by-side clinical illustration: thrombosed external haemorrhoid versus perianal abscess.

Figure 2.2 — Fold patterns: concentric rings of full-thickness rectal prolapse versus radial grooves of prolapsed haemorrhoids.

Figure 2.3 — Four-step osmotic (sugar) reduction of an oedematous, viable rectal prolapse.

Chapter 03

Figure 3.1 — Goligher grades I–IV aligned with BPRST stages I–III.

Figure 3.2 — Correct band placement above the dentate line versus incorrect placement on anoderm.

Figure 3.3 — Red-siren panel: the post-banding pelvic sepsis triad and the day-5–10 delayed bleeding window.

Chapter 04

Figure 4.1 — The pain–spasm–ischaemia cycle with treatment targets.

Figure 4.2 — Chronic fissure triad: sentinel tag, hypertrophied papilla, exposed internal-sphincter fibres.

Figure 4.3 — Typical (posterior and anterior midline) versus atypical (lateral, multiple) fissure locations.

Chapter 05

Figure 5.1 — Coronal map of perianal, ischioanal, intersphincteric, and supralevator spaces.

Figure 5.2 — Parks fistula types with Goodsall’s rule overlay.

Figure 5.3 — Loose draining seton in place.

Figure 5.4 — The first-hour Fournier’s gangrene clock.

Chapter 06

Figure 6.1 — Pilonidal abscess: midline pits and the off-midline incision site.

Figure 6.2 — Overflow paradox: liquid stool bypassing a rectal faecal mass.

Figure 6.3 — Neutropenic bedside precaution sign.

Figure 6.4 — Foreign-body extraction: Foley catheter balloon breaking the vacuum.

Chapter 07

Figure 7.1 — Anal canal anatomy: anal margin, anal canal, and transformation zone, with sites of SCC, adenocarcinoma, and melanoma.

Figure 7.2 — Clinical appearance: benign chronic fissure versus indurated ulcerating anal SCC.

Figure 7.3 — The LSIL → HSIL → SCC ladder with LAST terminology.

Figure 7.4 — Groin examination for inguinal lymph nodes.

Chapter 08

Figure 8.1 — Two-stage triage board: “dangerous now?” (shock index) and “cancer behind it?” (alarm features and FIT).

Figure 8.2 — Where bleeding comes from: anal outlet, rectum, colon, and upper GI tract, with typical blood patterns.

Figure 8.3 — Colonoscopy view: haemorrhoids at the outlet and a sigmoid cancer proximally — “piles can coexist with cancer”.

Chapter 09

Figure 9.1 — Perianal Crohn’s disease: oedematous tags, lateral fissures, and multiple fistula openings.

Figure 9.2 — MRI fistula map with a loose draining seton in place.

Figure 9.3 — The combined medical–surgical pathway: drain, seton, biologic, repair.

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 — The continence balance: stool consistency, sphincters, reservoir, sensation, nerves, and access.

Figure 10.2 — Bristol stool form scale.

Figure 10.3 — Normal defecation versus dyssynergia (paradoxical puborectalis contraction).

Figure 10.4 — Biofeedback session set-up.

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 — The private, non-judgemental consultation.

Figure 11.2 — Pathogen-to-sign map: discharge, ulcers, warts, plaques, nodes.

Figure 11.3 — Proctitis on anoscopy: gonococcal versus LGV ulcerative proctitis.

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 — The three-lane pathway: trauma, foreign body, sexual assault.

Figure 12.2 — Foley catheter technique to break the vacuum behind a smooth foreign body.

Figure 12.3 — Post-assault prophylaxis timeline (72-hour and 120-hour clocks).

Chapter 13

Figure 13.1 — Pregnancy and postpartum timeline of anorectal problems.

Figure 13.2 — Left-tilted positioning for examination after 20 weeks.

Figure 13.3 — Obstetric anal sphincter injury classification (third and fourth degree).

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1 — Child-friendly examination positions with parent and chaperone.

Figure 14.2 — Perianal streptococcal dermatitis versus candidal dermatitis.

Figure 14.3 — Age ladder of common and must-not-miss paediatric conditions.

Chapter 15

Figure 15.1 — Field-guide grid of ten rare conditions with urgency dots.

Figure 15.2 — Endoscopic appearances: radiation proctitis telangiectasia; solitary rectal ulcer.

Figure 15.3 — Perianal dermatoses: lichen sclerosus, inverse psoriasis, Paget disease.

Chapter 16

Figure 16.1 — Three-column triage board.

Figure 16.2 — Six-drug cross-specialty danger matrix.

Chapter 17

Figure 17.1 — Five-step examination strip.

Figure 17.2 — Why clock faces fail: one lesion, three positions.

Figure 17.3 — Correct left lateral (Sims) positioning.

Chapter 18

Figure 18.1 — Three-phase perioperative nursing ribbon.

Figure 18.2 — Four SBAR threshold cards.

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1 — Pocket reference card: master table, rules, and 03:00 algorithm.