References for Part I

1. Singh Ospina N, Phillips KA, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, et al. Eliciting the patient’s agenda: secondary analysis of recorded clinical encounters. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(1):36-40.

2. Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board [2015] UKSC 11.

3. General Medical Council. Decision making and consent. London: GMC; 2020.

4. Rogers v Whitaker (1992) 175 CLR 479 (High Court of Australia).

5. Canterbury v Spence, 464 F.2d 772 (D.C. Cir. 1972).

6. Elwyn G, Durand MA, Song J, et al. A three-talk model for shared decision making: multistage consultation process. BMJ. 2017;359:j4891.

7. Gigerenzer G, Edwards A. Simple tools for understanding risks: from innumeracy to insight. BMJ. 2003;327(7417):741-744.

8. Schillinger D, Piette J, Grumbach K, et al. Closing the loop: physician communication with diabetic patients who have low health literacy. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(1):83-90.

9. Sansoni JE, Grootemaat P, Duncan C. Question prompt lists in health consultations: a review. Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98(12):1454-1464.

10. Shepherd HL, Barratt A, Trevena LJ, et al. Three questions that patients can ask to improve the quality of information physicians give about treatment options: a cross-over trial. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;84(3):379-385.

11. Baile WF, Buckman R, Lenzi R, et al. SPIKES—a six-step protocol for delivering bad news: application to the patient with cancer. Oncologist. 2000;5(4):302-311.

12. Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: a review. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(3):292-298.

13. Gustafsson UO, Rockall TA, Wexner S, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations 2025. Surgery. 2025;184:109397. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2025.109397

14. Thomsen T, Villebro N, Møller AM. Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(3):CD002294.

15. Myers K, Hajek P, Hinds C, McRobbie H. Stopping smoking shortly before surgery and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(11):983-989.

16. Tønnesen H, Nielsen PR, Lauritzen JB, Møller AM. Smoking and alcohol intervention before surgery: evidence for best practice. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102(3):297-306.

17. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures. An updated report. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376-393.

18. Joshi GP, Abdelmalak BB, Weigel WA, et al. 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists practice guidelines for preoperative fasting: carbohydrate-containing clear liquids with or without protein, chewing gum, and pediatric fasting duration—a modular update of the 2017 guidelines. Anesthesiology. 2023;138(2):132-151.

19. Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists. J Pain. 2016;17(2):131-157.

20. Kindel TL, Wang AY, Wadhwa A, et al. Multisociety clinical practice guidance for the safe use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the perioperative period. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2024;20(12):1183-1186. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2024.08.033

21. El-Boghdadly K, Dhesi J, Fabb P, et al. Elective peri-operative management of adults taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a multidisciplinary consensus statement. Anaesthesia. 2025;80(4):412-424. doi:10.1111/anae.16541

22. Oprea AD, Ostapenko LJ, Sweitzer B, et al. Perioperative management of patients taking glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) multidisciplinary consensus statement. Br J Anaesth. 2025;135(1):48-78. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2025.04.001

23. Joshi GP, Van de Velde M, Kehlet H; PROSPECT Working Group Collaborators. Development of evidence-based recommendations for procedure-specific pain management: PROSPECT methodology. Anaesthesia. 2019;74(10):1298-1304.

24. Kessels RPC. Patients’ memory for medical information. J R Soc Med. 2003;96(5):219-222.

25. Institute of Medicine. Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2004.

Note: in-text citations in this pilot are numbered in order of first citation within Part I and will be renumbered across the whole book at final assembly. Guidance that is changing quickly, particularly on GLP-1 receptor agonists and fasting, should be checked again before publication.